EPROM Memory
EPROMs (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memories) are non-volatile memories that can be rewritten with a special device. As defective PROMs (earlier non erasable counterparts) were investigated because they seemingly lost memory, the cause was identified and used to invent the EPROM.
In 1971. Intel released the first EPROM for the general public, the 1701, which could store 256 bytes of data.
To rewrite an EPROM, it must first be erased with an ultraviolet light, which is why the the chip package has a quartz window. Then, a programmer is used to write new data. EPROM chips were also used to make PROMs with windowless packages so it was not possible to do the erasure step.